I think the increased push of career/technical education in high schools has added power in keeping kids home in the communities they grow up in. Used to be unthinkable for an educator to encourage a kid NOT to go to college. Reality is college isn't or everyone, and in some cases I'd go so far to say its a sham. More high schools are encouraging kids to be welders, diesel mechanics, farmers, electricians, etc... I don't have data on this, but I'd say those kids are more likely to stay local after graduation than kids that go on to college. The social shaming of kids that don't go to college is going away, which is a step in the right direction.
I'll just leave these two pieces of literature here.
This paragraph hits the nail on the head
"The best hope for sustaining rural community schools lies in halting or reversing the decline in the rural population. Rural school consolidations and rural population decline are linked in a vicious circle: the rural population declines, so schools are consolidated.
Consolidated schools weaken the bonds between rural youth and their home towns, making it more likely that they will migrate elsewhere as adults – and the population declines even further. There are numerous factors contributing to the decline of the rural population, but chief among them are the death of economic opportunities and, as Wendell Berry put it in his typically pithy way, the fact that “the child is not educated to return home and be of use to the place and community; he or she is educated to leave home and earn money in a provisional future that has nothing to do with place or community” (Berry, 1990, p. 163, emphasis in original29). To reverse this trend, revitalization of the local economy in rural communities is needed. Also needed is a rethinking of some of our educational practices – How might we educate people to stay in their communities, rather than educating them to leave?